PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.